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Acetyl-L-Carnitine 250 mg 60 caps
Positively affects brain chemistry, supporting memory, mood, and energy production*
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Benefits
• Crucial
for the metabolism of protein and carbohydrates, and converting
fats into energy*
•
Positively affects brain chemistry, supporting memory, mood, and
energy production*
•
Provides antioxidant protection for the nervous system*
Description
Acetylcarnitine (acetyl–L–carnitine,
ALC) is the acetyl–derivative of carnitine. It is a nutrient and a
naturally occurring metabolite that is involved in lipid,
carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. Though closely related
chemically to L-carnitine, which is a semi-essential nutrient, ALC
surpasses the meta-bolic potency of carnitine. ALC is a source of
precious acetyl groups that facilitate energetic pathways and which
carnitine cannot supply. Acetyls from ALC can be combined with
coenzyme A (CoA) metabolized from our foods, to generate
acetyl–CoA.. Carnitine’s major role is to link up with fatty acids
and transport them into the mitochondria, the cell’s “powerhouses”
for energy produc-tion. Once within the mitochondria, the fatty
acids are first “activated” by CoA, then chipped into two–carbon
fragments that are spliced onto CoA to become acetyl–CoA. The
acetyl–CoA molecules can then feed into the tricarboxylic acid
cycle that generates chemical bond energy in the form of ATP.
However, acetyl–CoA is an important “branch point” metabolite, and
this is probably what makes ALC metabolically so potent. The acetyl
groups of ALC, once incorporated into acetyl–CoA, can be used
interchangeably in a variety of metabolic pathways. When energy
charge is low, acetyl–CoA stores are being depleted, and (under the
influence of the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase) ALC can be
drawn upon to replenish acetyl–CoA. When the cell’s energy charge
is high, carnitine can be converted back to acetylcarnitine,
thereby conserving acetyl until it is needed for energy generation
or for other metabolic purposes. Acetylcarnitine therefore helps
“buffer” the acetyl supply inside the cell, but as aging sets in
the body’s levels of ALC may become limiting. The “family” of
carnitines found in the blood and the tissues includes, in addition
to carnitine and acetylcarnitine, long–chain acetylcarnitines
(LCAC). The LCAC are likely to interfere with carnitine
homeostasis: they tend to “gunk up” fatty acid transport into the
mitochondria and inhibit membrane enzymes. As people age, total
blood carnitine stays roughly the same but the beneficial
acetylcarnitine goes down while the inhibitory LCAC tend to go up.
Acetylcarnitine supplemented to the diet raises total carnitine and
ALC but NOT the LCAC, thereby shifting carnitine homeostasis
towards a more functional state.* As a metabolic source of
acetyl–CoA, ALC is also a source of acetyl groups for acetylcholine
(ACh). This is a nerve transmitter involved in virtually all the
brain’s functions. With cataly-sis by the enzymes choline
acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase, the acetyl– of
ALC can be coupled with choline (via acetyl–CoA), to make ACh and
generate carnitine as a convenient byproduct. Although the brain
supposedly synthesizes carnitine, total brain carnitine and brain
ALC decline with age. ALC from dietary sources can raise brain
levels of ALC and total carnitines, and do so more efficiently than
dietary carnitine. This effect may be due to acetylcarnitine’s
property of crossing the blood–brain barrier more freely than does
carnitine.*As if all this were not sufficient to render ALC an
exceptional nutrient, it has been found to offer another important
dimension of benefit that carnitine lacks: antitoxic protective
effects.* Experimentally, ALC protected nerve cells against
oxidative insults, as from MPTP
(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyri-dine) oxidative toxicity
and from ischemia.* Exposure to ALC also increased antioxidant
enzyme activity, and increased cellular glutathione (GSH/reduced)
and coenzyme Q10.* Markers of oxidative stress such as
Acetylcarnitine also appears to offer protection against oxidative
stress at the mitochondrial level.* Experimentally, ALC sustained
mito-chondrial respiratory chain activity (Complex I and Complex
IV) against oxidative challenge.* ALC protected proteins of the
inner mitochondrial membrane from free radicals, also the
mitochondrial DNA/RNA transcript-ase enzyme essential for
mitochondrial renewal.* Again, in all these experiments carnitine
failed to show an effect.* Acetylcarnitine appears to be a truly
versatile metabolite. According to our interpretation of the
available peer–reviewed literature, ALC is an energy carrier,
metabolic facilitator, and membrane protectant all rolled into one
small molecule.* It may also be a potent iron chelator, which
property could contribute to its apparent antioxidative effects.*
This may help explain why metabolically, ALC can do everything that
carnitine can, and a whole lot more.*
Suggested
Use
As a
dietary supplement, 1 or 2 capsules two or three times per day, or
as directed by a healthcare practitione
Each capsule
contains:
| Item no. 70650: Acetyl-L-Carnitine (as
Hydrochloride) |
250 mg |
| Item no. 70660: Acetyl-L-Carnitine (as
Hydrochloride) |
500 mg |
| Other ingredients: |
|
| Cellulose, silicon dioxide, magnesium
stearate. |
|
*These statements have not
been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is
not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any
disease.
There are currently no questions about this
product.
Ask a Question
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Shipping Rates:
$0.00-$99.99: $6.50
$100+ Free Shipping*
*Free Shipping does not apply
to international orders or
orders shipped to
Alaska, Hawaii, and US territories.
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suspicion of abuse or fraud as to part of our return and credit
policy. Please include your Name, Address, daytime phone number and
reason for return along with your product. Mail returns to:
The Green Pharmacy
803 S. College Road, Suite D
Wilmington, NC 28403
We will credit your account within two weeks of receipt. Please
note that customers are responsible for the postage on return
items. Also, if an order was shipped to you at no charge and you
return it your credit card will be charged shipping.
INTERNATIONAL ORDERS
We will be happy to fill international orders; however, please
understand that we have no control over your country's customs and
therefore cannot be responsible if they do not allow your order to
enter the country. Your country may apply a customs surcharge / tax
on imported products. All tariffs, taxes, additional shipping
charges, custom fees or any other additional charges incurred
during transfer are the responsibility of the customer. We are not
responsible for your country's customs department or their actions
-- we can only guarantee that the order is properly shipped.
Therefore, all orders shipped out of the US are final.
Also, due to an increase in overseas credit card fraud, we require
all new customers outside of the USA to fax a copy of the front and
back of the credit card to be used, along with a signed note
authorizing us to charge the card and ship the merchandise to the
address indicated on the order. You need only do this on the first
order. The fax number is 01 910 452 9982. No returns are accepted
on international orders and we do not issue refunds for confiscated
products.
Return Policy
| The Green Pharmacy Return Policy | X |
You may return any un-opened product within 14 calendar days of receipt. You must request a return authorization from us via email (service@thegreenpharmacy.com) or phone (910-350-0454). After 15 days, there is no refund available. All returns must be sent by the customer. We reserve the right to refuse a refund if there is suspicion of abuse or fraud. In the event of special circumstances, we also reserve the right to charge a restocking fee of 15% and a handling fee of $8.00. Please include your Name, Address, daytime phone number and reason for return along with your product. Mail returns to: The Green Pharmacy 803 S. College Road, Suite D Wilmington, NC 28403 We will credit your account within two weeks of receipt. Please note that customers are responsible for the postage on return items. Also, if an order was shipped to you at no charge and is returned your credit card will be charged shipping.
INTERNATIONAL ORDERS We will be happy to fill international orders; however, please understand that we have no control over your country's customs and therefore cannot be responsible if they do not allow your order to enter the country. Your country may apply a customs surcharge / tax on imported products. All tariffs, taxes, additional shipping charges, custom fees or any other additional charges incurred during transfer are the responsibility of the customer. We are not responsible for your country's customs department or their actions -- we can only guarantee that the order is properly shipped. Therefore, all orders shipped out of the US are final. Also, due to an increase in overseas credit card fraud, we require all new customers outside of the USA to fax a copy of the front and back of the credit card to be used, along with a signed note authorizing us to charge the card and ship the merchandise to the address indicated on the order. You need only do this on the first order. The fax number is 01 910 452 9982. No returns are accepted on international orders and we do not issue refunds for confiscated products.
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